The brain is vulnerable to traumatic damage in two ways. The cerebral cortex can become bruised – contused – when the head strikes a hard object (or a hard objects strikes the head). Or, the deep white matter can suffer diffuse axonal injury when the head is whiplashed without hitting a hard object (or being hit by one). In serious whiplash injuries, the axons are stretched so much that they are damaged.
Also the measure of damage suffered to the persons memory can depend on the severity of the force applied to the victim.
Information taken from: http://www.braininjury.com/injured.html
I will not be using this information for my characters since the focus is more on their lives after the accident and not the accident itself.
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